Interaction Devices (Human Computer Interaction)

Keyboard Layouts

QWERTY layout (1870 Christopher Latham Sholes)

• Good mechanical design and a clever placement of the letters that slowed down the users enough that key jamming was infrequent.
• Put frequently used letter pairs far apart, thereby increasing finger travel distances

Dvorak layout (1920)

• Reduces finger travel distances by at least one order of magnitude
• Acceptance has been slow despite the dedicated efforts of some devotees 
• It takes about 1 week of regular typing to make the switch, but most users have been unwilling to invest the effort

ABCDE style

26 letters of the alphabet laid out in alphabetical order nontypists will find it easier to locate the keys


Additional keyboard issues

IBM PC keyboard was widely criticized because of the placement of a few keys

• backslash key where most typists expect SHIFT key
• placement of several special characters near the ENTER key
• Number pad layout
• wrist and hand placement 

Menu, Form Fill-in and Dialog Box (Human Computer Interaction)

Introduction

Menu is a way to present available instructions for users. Form fill-in is a mean for interactive system to ask data or information from users. Dialog box is a response from interactive system after users give intructions that need parameters, e.g. When users click Open icon

The primary goal for menu, form fill-in, and dialog-box designers is to create a sensible, comprehensible, memorable, and convenient organization relevant to the user's task

There are several type of menus :

1. Single menus
2. linear sequence menus
3. tree structure menus
4. cyclic and acyclic network menus

Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments (Human Computer Interaction)

Introduction

The enthusiastic users report the following positive feelings:

• Mastery of the interface
• Competence in performing tasks
• Ease in learning the system originally and in assimilating advanced features
• Confidence in the capacity to retain mastery over time
• Enjoyment in using the interface
• Eagerness to show off the interface to novices
• Desire to explore more powerful aspects

Evaluating Interface Designs (Human Computer Interaction)

Pendahuluan

Seorang desainer yang terlibat dalam pembuatan suatu produk bisa saja membuat kesalahan tanpa menyadarinya. Sebelum digunakan produk harus diuji secara luas untuk menemukan error-error yang ada namun uji secara luas memakan biaya yang lumayan mahal oleh karena itu rencana evaluasi dibutuhkan.

Beberapa faktor yang menentukan rencana evaluasi (evaluation plan) :

• Stage of design
• Novelty of project
• Number of expected users
• Criticality of the interface (life-critical medical system vs museum exhibit support)
• Costs of product & budget allocated for testing
• Time available
• Experience of the design and evaluation team

Managing Design Processes (Human Computer Interaction)

Organizational Design and Support Usability

Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects , processes, services and their system in whole life cycles. (ICSID - International Council of Societies of Industrial Design)

(Rosson and Carrol, 2002) method to characterize design is :

• Design is a process
• The design porcess is nonhierarchial.
• The process is radically transformational
• Design intrinsically involves the discovery of new goals. 

Four Pillars of Design

1. User-interface Requirements
2. Guidelines Documents & process
3. User-Interface Software Tools
4. Expert Reviews & Usability Testing

Guidelines, Principles and Theories

Guidelines, Principles and Theories (Human Computer Interaction)

Didalam Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer terdapat pedoman, prinsip dan teori yang telah ada agar memudahkan kita untuk mengerti.

Guidelines (Pedoman)

1. Navigating the interface

- Alternative Text

- Time-based media

- Distinguishable

- Predictable

2.Organizing the display – Smith and Mosier (1986) offer 5 high-level goals

- Consistency of data dispay

- Efficient information assimilation by the user

- Minimal memory load on the user

- Compatibility of data display with data entry

- Flexibiity for user control of data display

Interactive System Usability (Human-Computer Interaction)

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) definition according to ACM SIGCHI  is the discipline related to the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computer systems for use by humans and studies of the phenomena associated with it.

According to the ISO/IEC 9126 "The usability is a set of attributes that bear on the effort needed for use, and on the individual assessment of such use, by a stated or implied set of users which are Understandability, Learn Ability, Operability, Attractiveness"